Shingle



Dec. 17, 1929. c. BATCHELLER SHINGLE Filed April 5, 1927 2 Sheets-SheetINVENTOR C L 5m ENTSBHTC H64 LE1? Dec. 17, 1929. c. BYATCHELLER SHINGLEFiled April 5, 192'? 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IINVENTOR CL EM E/VTJ' 54 TC/IELLew Patented Dec. 17, 1929 UNITED STATES (ELEMENTS BATCHELLER, OFBROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO IBEMIS INDUSTRIES,

PATENT orlncn INCORPORATED, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OFDELAWARE SHINGLE Application filed April 5,

My invention relates to shingles, and particularly. to cementitiousshingles of the honeycomb type. Among the objects of my invention may bespecified (1) the support of the body of the shingle in its normallyinclined relation to the underlying roof; (2) the stiffening of theshingle against warpage; the reduction of overlap between adjacentshingles, with consequent increased coverage capacity; (4) the bafliingof the joints be tween shingles to prevent entry of the elements; (5)the facilitation of proper location of the shingles during applicationto the roof, to expedite and improve the roofers opera tions.

Shingles of the present type are commonly made with plane surfaces. Whensuch shingles are applied in their usual overlapped relation to the roofboards, the major pors tion of the body of the shingle is unsupported.

Portions thereof stand away from the. underlying roof more than a",while those at the eaves course are commonly spaced more than from theroof by the eaves lift. This lack 2 5- of support within the boundary ofthe shingle would present no objectionable weakness, were it notnecessary for the shingles from time to time to withstand superposedweight of workers walking on the roof. It is a difo ficult job even toapply this type of shingle without considerable breakage andreplacement, due to the weight of the roofers brackets, and thenecessity for roofers to travel back and forth over the applied portionof the roof during their work. The popularity of this type of shinglehas been greatly reduced, due to its inability to stand up under serviceconditions on the modern type of residence. The modern home is one ofmany extensions, in the form of overhangs, skirts, sun-parlor and backporch roofs, all of which must stand the weight of the plasterer,painter, etc., during the construction period, and finally the windowwasher and screen man. As a consequence, the roofers, who are inevitablycalled upon to make replacements of shingles broken by other trades,hold the honeycomb shingle, of any and all makes, in great disfavor.

to Another serious mechanical defect in 1927. Serial No. 181,073.

shingles of this type, particularly when the shingles are of laminatedconstruction, is the tendency to curl'and pull a art at the lappedjoint. This is due to the act that all cementitious shingles are appliedwhen partially green, or before they have acquired their final stoneset, and therefore contain considerable moisture. Consequently, whenapplied in this condition and then subjected to sun and rain or suddenchanges of temperature, warpage takes place, which leaves the margins ofthe shingle at the lap joint from T to 4; out of joint. Nailing down toofects and handicaps, my invention provides a 7 shingle having otheradvantages which will be hereinafter mentioned, or will appear from aninspection of the accompanying drawings illustrative of my invention,andin which- Fig. 1 is a broken plan view. of a roof to which myimproved shingle is applied;

Fig. 2 is an inverted perspective of a full shingle to which myinvention is applied in one form;

Fig. 3 is a perspective of a marginal or eaves half-shingle to which'myinvention is applied; I

Fig. 4: is a vertical section through portion of a roof, shingledinaccordance with my invention; and I v Fig. 5 is a broken inverted planview of several courses of shingles embodying my invention.

In this country the customary roof construction, preparatory to theapplication of honeycomb shingles, comprisesa continuous surface ofboards 15, tongue and groove, or ship-lap, jointed as at 16. lit is alsocustomary to sheathe this tight roof with heavy tar paper or the like,since the usual honeycomb shingle does not afford a safe protec= I 17,illustrated in Fig. 3, is in the form of approximately a half square,cut on a diagonal, and provided at the cut with an integral rib 18 whichserves as a substitute for the usual riser nailed to the roof. Theshingle is pierced at 19 and 20 to receive the shingle nails by whichthe eaves course is attached. The remaining shingles 21 for the body ofthe roof are of the usual honeycomb shape, illustrated in Fig. 2. Thesefull sized units are sheared as usual at the corners 22, 23 and 24,while the corner 25 at the overlapped or upper end of the shingleremains uncut, not

only to aid in positioning the shingle correctly in accordance with myinvention, but also to increase its overlapped area and thus augment theprotection against leakage at this point. 7

Formed on the inner face of the shingle, and preferablyintegraltherewith, are ribs 26 and 27 spaced from and parallel with theexposed side margins 28 and 29 at'the lower end of the shingle. Theseribs are tapered in height, and their bearing surfaces lie in a plane atsuch an angle to that of the face of the shingle that the desired pitchis im parted to the latter. At the lower end of the shingle the ribsconverge and preferably meet.

face of-the shingle between the corners 22 and 24, and having the sameelevation as the ribs 26 and 27 at the point at which the rib 31connects therewith. Extending therefrom toward the upper end of theshingle are further supporting ribs 32 and 33, tapered to the same planeas the surfaces of the ribs 26 and 27. The taper is preferably such thatthe inner face of the corner 25 lies substantially in the same plane.Consequently when the shingle is applied to the roof boards 15 it issupported not only by the ribs 26 and 27, 31, 32 and 33, but also by thecorner 25.

Holes 34 and 35 formed in the ribs 26 and 27 receive the securing nailsby which the At this point they are recessed, as atj 30, to receive theangled end 25 of the subja- Inasmuch'as the shingle is secured to theunder roof. Inasmuch as the ribs 26 and 27 for all courses bear directlyagainst the roof boards 15, and the shingle nails are driven through theribs at the holes 34 and 35, there is no danger that the shingle will befractured or warped out of planity by the pressure of the attachingnailsa common phenomenon where the shingle body is of the usual type. Ahole 36 formed adjacent the lower end of the shingle receives the usualsoft metal pin 37 which anchors the lower end of the superposed shingleto the sides of the subjacent shingles in the laterally adjacentcourses. The corners 22 and 24 of the subjacent shingles are notched at38 and 39 for the reception of the pin, the head of which underliestheir margins.

The rib construction which I have shown and described possesses manyadvantages. From the standpoint of first cost and economy ofapplication, it possesses merit since the ribs 26 and 27 may be spacedso close to the side margins 28 and 29 that a much narrower overlapbetween adjacent shingles is possible, while nevertheless securing agreater weather tightness than hitherto. Consequently, the shingle has agreater coverage area than the present honeycomb shingle as customarilyapplied. It is recognized that the honeycomb type of shingle, due to itsgreat covering area per shingle, is by far the cheapest type of rigidroofing in use at the presenttime, since it requires only 160 shinglesof the 12" x 12" size to cover a square (100 square feet) as compared to260 wood shingles of the 8 x 16" size, end lapped as usual: By reason ofthe greatly reduced overlap (1 4 as against 2%) made possible by thetight butt joint of the ribs 26 and 27 with laterally adjacent courses,the same area is effectively covered by 125 of my improved shingles asagainst 160 of the usual plain honeycomb type, This is a very materialsaving in both material and labor.

The support of the shingle throughout its body area by the tapered ribs26, 27, 31, 32 and 33, insures uniform pitch and elevation for theshingles over the entire roof.

Uniform spacing and regulation of the depth of the overlap insuressymmetry of application of the shingles, while automatically guiding theroofer in the location of the shingles for each course, thus greatlyexpealso prevent buckling .of the shingle due to nail pressure, andcurling or warpage due to uneven shrlnkage on drylng 1n situ.

The engagement of the upper corner 25 of one shingle in the notch 30 ofthe super-adjaaddition to the pitch rib 18. This portion of ribs beintapered to pitch the lower end of cent shingle, together with theabutting of the ends of the ribs 26 and 27 of the laterally adjacentcourses at the same point, aflords a head lock and baffle at the corneroverlap which prevents rain or snow from working under the shingle atthis point. The lateral butt joint betwen the outer faces of the ribs 26and 27 and the side margins of the laterally subjacent shingles, notonly baflles the entry of the wind beneath the shingles, but preventsmoisture from being driven between the shingle joints.

The present shingle may be formed either by the laminated or castmethod, the ribs being formed, in both cases, by suitably shaping one ofthe press dies.

While I have shown my preferred construction in the drawing, it will berealized that o my invention is not by any meanslimited to thesedetails.

It is even possible to make the ribs as an independent structure to be.utilized with the plain shingles now on the market. My preference,however, is for the shingles shown Iion gvhich the ribs are integralwith the shingle It will also be understood that if there were any need,the half-shingles 17 for the eaves course could also be provided withribs, in

the roof, however, is never called upon to support imposed weight, andthe ribs are consequently unnecessary.

The invention is obviously applicable to the so-called diagonal ordiamond shaped shingle, which difiers from the honeycomb type only inthat the angle 23 is not clipped. I have indicated this in dotted linesat 40 in Fig. 2.

With the understanding therefore that the construction shown is merelyillustrative of the thoughts which underlie what I claim as myinvention.

I claim I 1. A shingle of the honeycomb type having on its inner faceribs converging toward its lower end and there shaped to receive theupper corner of a subjacent shingle.

2. A shingle of the honeycomb type having on its inner face ribsconverging toward its lower end and there shaped to receive the uppercorner of a subjacent shingle, said the shing e away from the underroof.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

CLEMENTS BATCHELLER.

